Sources for details of the Forest Protection Limited (FPL) / Department of Natural Resources (DNR) come from both organization’s annual reports. Additional details come from an unpublished draft report to FPL by William Seto, A History of Forest Protection Limited (1952 – 1992): To Protect the Forests (Seto 1995).

Hazel Clare, wife of Harold Hawes, sent me a summary of her husband’s time flying TBMs for FPL from 1962 to 1970, based on his log books [see the comment on the pilots page]. Details are below, although they sometimes disagree with the information presented.

1958

“The budworm control operation for 1958 was concentrated on 1.05 million ha of forests between the Saint John and upper Miramichi region.” It was such a great success that “forest experts believed it would be unnecessary to treat areas the following year as the outbreak had collapsed” (Seto 1995).

The 1958 operations included 850,000 acres of new high hazard forest in New Brunswick. Spraying began out of Fredericton on June 1 with 12 Avengers. They started cautiously, with the weather not very favourable. As soon as Juniper opened up, four Avengers moved north to that field. One Avenger pilot, Thomas Marston, was killed when his aircraft crashed and burned twenty miles southwest of Juniper during evening spraying on June 12.

Operations in Quebec lasted from June 9 until June 30, costing nearly $750,000 – $2.29/ha. A total of 26 aircraft treated 283,000 ha from Rimouski, Gaspe, Pabos, Farm Lake [all Quebec] and Charlo [New Brunswick] airstrips (Seto 1995).

In 1958, Maine began its second budworm program, covering about 122,000 ha in Aroostook County. Instead of supplying airplanes, FPL supplied Maine with 1.14 million litres of DDT and assisted in a consulting capacity. Applications in Maine were made by Simsbury Flying Services of Connecticut with a fleet of eight TBMs and two Stearmans (Seto 1995).

This was the first year that TBMs operated in New Brunswick. A brief report from the FPL files, (Wheeler Air Lines Ltd.: Operation Budworm – 1958: Aircraft and Pilots) lists 12 TBMs, 6 plus a spare (untanked) from Wheeler and 6 from Skyway Air Services. (Seventy-six Stearmans also were part of the operation.) The report has been annotated by former FPL employee Don Henry (his annotations are in square brackets below).

Wheeler and Skyway TBMs that flew in New Brunswick in 1958 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilots*	Company
500	CF-IMQ	J.T.J. Zys	Wheeler
501	CF-IMR	Spare, with tank	Wheeler
502	CF-IMS	A. Boyce	Wheeler
503	CF-IMT	* R. Craven	Wheeler
504	CF-IMU	Untanked spare; scavenged for parts	Wheeler
505	CF-IMV	C.D. Hardwick	Wheeler
506	CF-IMW	C.I. Mason	Wheeler
507	CF-IMX	* M. Beleuse	Wheeler
601	CF-IMI	* J.C. Anderson	Skyway
600	CF-IMJ	* T. Marston (fatality)	Skyway
602	CF-IMK	[Rensinck, Crook]	Skyway
603	CF-IML	[Ellison, White]	Skyway
604	CF-IMM	—	Skyway
605	CF-IMN	—	Skyway

* Pilots with previous experience with budworm projects. [Add Fewell and O’Rourke for Wheeler Air Lines (some pilots did not fly these aircraft.] [TBM pilot’s list does not agree with info from spray history.] [Known TBM teams: Beluse and Hardwick (Wheeler), Marston and White (Skyway), Rensinck and Crook (Skyway)] Pilot Marston was the first casualty of the New Brunswick budworm TBM spray program. A progress report from Wheeler’s Maintenance Division, dated April 28, 1958, and signed by Chief Engineer J. Luty provides a summary of planned maintenance activities for the upcoming spray season:

1. The Avengers are being converted by Fairey Aviation of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, and will be ready by May 15. The first two will be ready for delivery by this date.
2. All aircraft will be in first class condition with valid Certificates of Airworthiness. Each Avenger will be fitted with radio sets comprising a V.H.F. ARC-1 Transceiver and a Pye Transceiver.
3. The six Skyway Avengers will be subject to inspection at Fredericton, NB, by the Department of Transportation (federal) and by Wheeler Airlines prior to their acceptance on the project.
4. Wheeler Airlines will supply the following personnel: Chief Engineer (Eddy Austin), three licensed Air Engineers, and twenty mechanics, procured on a temporary basis from the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Operations Manager will be George Lovett and the Managing Director is Bob Rychlicki.
5. Skyways will provide 2 licensed engineers and six mechanics, overseen by Chief Project Engineer Eddy Austin, who will be responsible for all maintenance activities.
6. Wheeler will have a spare Avenger, CF-IMU, which will be used as a flying spare should trouble develop in any of the other Avenger aircraft.

1959

It was such a great success that “forest experts believed it would be unnecessary to treat areas the following year as the outbreak had collapsed” (Seto 1995). Thus FPL did not conduct any operations in 1959.

1960

The 1960 operation began on May 26 and lasted until June 20. Twenty TBMs were flown. FIMS (Wheeler #502) flew in NB in 1960. It crashed in Quebec 21 June, 1960 while on the way from Dunphy airstrip to Quebec after finishing the FPL project for the season. [Don Henry] The same Wheeler and Skyway Avengers probably flew in New Brunswick this year.

In Maine, and area of 175,000 acres was covered with a spray fleet of six TBMs and one Stearman.

I used Don Henry’s original (2008) list of pilots who flew TBMs to obtain the names of pilots who flew in 1960:

Ball, Ed [Skyway Air Services]
Beluse, M. [Wheeler Air Lines]
Bowler
Craven, R.  [Wheeler Air Lines]
Culver
Fewell, J.  [Wheeler Air Lines]
Foote, Bert
Hardwick, C.D. [Wheeler Air Lines]
Hill, Don [Skyway Air Services]
Holland, Jim [Hillcrest Aircraft]
Jackson C., Wetaskiwin, Alberta
Jones
Korpatniki, Pat [Skyway Air Services]
Laird, Bob
Linkowich, Alex [Skyway Air Services]
Mason, C.I. [Wheeler Air Lines]
Musgrove [Gil?, Johnson F.S.?]
Norman, J.  [Wheeler Air Lines]
O’Rourke
Osen
Owens, Kenny [Reeder Flying Service]
Schas [Dave? Johnson Flying Service; Smith 1988]
Waldermire [Bob Waltermire? Johnson Flying Service?]
Walker
White [Skyway Air Services]
Wilson, Tommy [Skyway Air Services]

1961

24 TBMs flown. A two-page FPL report titled “1961 Spray Project” and dated March 12, 1962, listed the contractors, with details of gallons sprayed and money paid out. We have reason to suspect that these five companies were the ones that provided Avengers, although Wheeler also provided Stearmans. However, no numbers are given and no aircraft are identified. I speculate below about the number belonging to each contractor.

Contractor	Gallons Sprayed	Cost ($)	No. of TBMs
Wheeler Airlines	395,283	117,390.17	7
Airspray Limited	84,491	117,390.17	2
Richel Air Limited	83,322	25,658.08	2
Simsbury Flying Service	114,380	34,632.02	3
Skyway Air Services Ltd.	661,035	199,780.68	10

Larry Milberry (pers. comm. 2008) tallied 10 Skyway Avengers: FIMK (#602), FIMM (#604), FIMN (#605), FKCH (#606), FKCJ (#607), FKCK (#608), FKCL (#609), FMSX (#610), FMSY (#611) and FMUE (#618), on May 22, 1961, in Cartierville, Quebec, while they were on a refuelling stop. His notes at the time said “En route to Fredericton, NB, for bud worm fighting.” In actual fact, the Skyways TBMs travelled in three groups of four, making it a total of twelve that came to New Brunswick. [See the Skyways/Conair page for more details.

Simsbury had purchased three TBMs from the RCN in 1958 (later sold to Maritime Air Services), so I suspect that there were three Simsbury TBMs in NB in 1961. We know that Richel Air of Quebec purchased the two high-top Avengers from the RCN, so that makes two for them.

However, of Airspray’s two Avengers, FKYA crashed in New Brunswick in 1960 and there is no record of its sister aircraft, FKPJ, ever coming to NB. Perhaps it did? According to an article in Wings (online) [(Position Report: Vintage planes dousing flames. A position report on Air Spray. Wings)], Airspray’s fleet now included “a trio” of Avengers.

I used Don Henry’s original (2008) list of pilots who flew TBMs to obtain the names of pilots who flew in 1961:

Ball, Ed [Skyway Air Services]
Bowler
Cavoli
Cline
Crook [Skyway Air Services]
Davidson
Dyck
Fewell, J. [Wheeler Air Lines]
Folden
Foote, Bert
Hardwick, C.D. [Wheeler Air Lines]
Holland, Jim [Hillcrest Aircraft]
Jones
Korpatniki, Pat [Skyway Air Services]
Laird, Bob
Linkowich, Alex [Skyway Air Services]
Moffat
Musgrove [Gil?, Johnson F.S.?]
Owens, Kenny [Reeder Flying Service]
Storrs
Syme, Clarence “Clare”, Abbotsford, B.C.
Trunnell
Walker
Wilson, Tommy [Skyway Air Services]
Zahorsky, Z. [Wheeler Air Lines]

A new aerial spray method. In 1961 FPL developed an “aerial flagging” method of guiding its TBM-3E aircraft over spray blocks. Cessna aircraft were positioned ahead of the spray aircraft and acted as a flag post marking each line. The system used teams of four TBMs and 2 Cessnas [Flieger 1964]. This was the first aerial flagging system to be used for the guidance of spray aircraft. To accommodate the larger, faster TBM, spray blocks changed shape from irregular boundaries averaging 18 square km to square boundaries of 56 square km.

1962

No information on pilots and teams except for pilot Harold Hawes [Hazel Clare, pers. comm.]:

He began flying TBM’s in early May 1962 with familiarization and practice drops in Abbotsford on KCL then on May 19 headed for Dunphy with IMM, arriving there on May 22. It seems he sprayed around Dunphy with IMM until the end of June then took the machine back to Abbotsford/Smithers area to do some fire bombing.

Of the 14 TBMs flown, probably all belonged to Wheeler and Skyway. By 1962, Wheeler had five TBMs remaining:

501	CF-IMR
503	CF-IMT
505	CF-IMV
506	CF-IMW
507	CF-IMX

Skyway probably had 16 TBMs flying in 1962. If all five Wheeler TBMs joined the spray team this year, then nine of the 16 Skyway TBMs would have flown in from British Columbia for the project, but which ones they were is not known to this author.

1963

Six TBMs flown, probably a combination of Skyway and Wheeler aircraft. At the start of the spray season, Wheeler had 4 TBMs remaining and Skyway had 16. Wheeler’s CF-IMT (#503) had crashed on May 2, 1963, so was not available for the spray season. Possibly J.D. Irving’s CF-IMO (#508) was used this year, making five TBMs. Only one TBM from Skyway was thus needed, but I do not have any confirmation of this speculation.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

In 1963 he was back spraying again in Dunphy this time with IMV. In early July ’63 however he flew KCL out to Prince George for fire bombing and used both KCL and MUD for that purpose.

Maine  Project – June 1963

Norm Ralston of Oregon sent me several images and files from when his dad, “Swede” Ralston and partner Ed Ball were pilot/owners of TBMs that sprayed spruce budworm in the 1950s and 1960s. From this I found evidence of a spruce budworm spray project in Maine that took place from 4 to 9 June of 1963. The project was based out of Presque Isle, which is just a few miles from the New Brunswick border west of Perth-Andover.

From the personnel list we can glean that the following pilots and companies flew TBMs (Stearmans were also present) from this project, and that perhaps also worked in New Brunswick. Mechanics for each company were also present.

Hillcrest Aviation – Ed Ball, Clayt Curtis, Wayne Hughes, Kenny Owen

Johnson Flying Service – Frank Borgeson, Roy Green, Gil Musgrove

Simsbury Flying Service – George Bailey (Chief Pilot), Jim Holland, Bob Laird, and Zeke Zahorsky

1964

No information on pilots and teams. Of the 28 TBMs flown, 5 were from Wheeler Airlines, 9 were from the U.S. company Johnson Flying Service and 14 were from Skyway Air Services (their entire remaining fleet). Wheeler was the contractor for their own aircraft and for the Johnson aircraft while Skyway dealt directly with FPL. The J.D. Irving TBM, #508 CF-IMO, is often lumped in with the Wheeler aircraft.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

In the 1964 season he went to Dunphy spraying again, this time on KCH then on June 27 flew KCH with Pete Deck as passenger to Kapuskasing. The months of July & Aug. of ’64 he was fire bombing and practicing same in Smithers again with KCH.

“Ray Green also flew out of Juniper for Johnson as chief pilot under Reindeer #1 team in 1964. I was a radio operator there and got to fly with him as a stowaway and flew from Juniper to Fredericton at the end of the project with Ray and the rest of the team.” – Rhys W. Reynolds [comment below]

Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Company
501	CF-IMR	Wheeler
505	CF-IMV	Wheeler
506	CF-IMW	Wheeler
507	CF-IMX	Wheeler
508	CF-IMO	J.D. Irving
601	CF-IMI	Skyway
602	CF-IMK	Skyway
604	CF-IMM	Skyway
605	CF-IMN	Skyway
606	CF-KCH	Skyway
607	CF-KCJ	Skyway
608	CF-KCK	Skyway
609	CF-KCL	Skyway
612	CF-MUD	Skyway
614	CF-KCF	Skyway
615	CF-KCG	Skyway
616	CF-KCM	Skyway
617	CF-KCN	Skyway
618	CF-MUE	Skyway
A14	N3249G	Johnson
D6	N3251G	Johnson
A21	N3969A	Johnson
A12	N6824C	Johnson
A11	N7014C	Johnson
A7	N7015C	Johnson
?	N7016C	Johnson
?	N9010C	Johnson
A6	N9597C	Johnson

1965

No information on pilots and teams, although there is an FPL report titled “Aerial Forest Spraying Operations 1965” by B.W. Flieger and dated November 1965. A total of 19 TBMs flew out of Fredericton Airport and Juniper and Dunphy airstrips. Probably the same 14 Skyway Avengers and others from 1964 flew again in 1965. There were special preparations for the spraying of Phosphamidon in experimental areas, but this was done from Dunphy airstrip from the side opposite from the DDT storage to keep the work separated from the spraying of DDT. Four TBMs were brought in early so they could be calibrated for this experimental spray.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

The summer of 1965 he sprayed in Juniper with IMM then in July went fire bombing in Kamloops with KCF until the end of that season.

1966

A report from the FPL files, “Forest Protection Limited 1966 Project Report on Aircraft Calibration” by R.E. (Rudy) Hanusiak, lists the following 22 TBMs and pilots from the following: Wheeler Airlines (5), JD Irving (1), Johnson Flying Service (2), Skyway Air Services (14).

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

On May 22, 1966 he flew KCH back from Abbotsford to Juniper and used it for spraying around Dunphy/Juniper area. He ended that season with a short flight from Dunphy to Fredericton in MUD on June 19.

TBM spray aircraft and pilots in New Brunswick in 1966 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilots	Company
A11	N7014C	Green	Johnson
A13	N7922A	Westmorland	Skyway (with US registration)
A15	N3251G	Shaughnessy	Johnson
501	CF-IMR	Fewell	Wheeler
505	CF-IMV	Norman	Wheeler
506	CF-IMW	Knudson	Wheeler
507	CF-IMX	Zahorsky	Wheeler
508	CF-IMO	B. Green	J.D. Irving
601	CF-IMI	Knights	Skyway
602	CF-IMK	Lebans	Skyway
604	CF-IMM	Linkewich	Skyway
605	CF-IMN	Cooper	Skyway
606	CF-KCH	Hawes	Skyway
607	CF-KCJ	Bezik	Skyway
608	CF-KCK	Hill	Skyway
609	CF-KCL	Langemann	Skyway
612	CF-MUD	Plawski	Skyway
614	CF-KCF	Sendra	Skyway
615	CF-KCG	Owen	Skyway
616	CF-KCM	Hodson	Skyway
617	CF-KCN	Ball	Skyway
618	CF-MUE	McGarrigle	Skyway

1967

A report from the FPL files, Forest Protection Limited “1967 Project Report on Aircraft Calibration” by R.E. (Rudy) Hanusiak, lists the following 13 TBMs and pilots: Wheeler Airlines (3 plus the JD Irving TBM), Skyway Air Services (9).

TBM spray aircraft and pilots in New Brunswick in 1967 for the aerial spray program.

Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilots	Company
501	CF-IMR	Knudson	Wheeler
505	CF-IMV	Zahorsky	Wheeler
507	CF-IMX	Zahorsky	Wheeler
508	CF-IMO	Green	J.D. Irving
602	CF-IMK	Lebans	Skyway
604	CF-IMM	Linkewich	Skyway
605	CF-IMN	Cooper	Skyway
606	CF-KCH	Knights	Skyway
607	CF-KCJ	Hodson	Skyway
608	CF-KCK	Hill	Skyway
612	CF-MUD	Plawski	Skyway
615	CF-KCG	Langemann	Skyway
618	CF-MUE	Lumsden	Skyway

1968

Six TBMs flew in two teams (no info on pilots) in New Brunswick in 1968 (Source: FPL files). FPL also agreed to act as an agent for the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador for a forest spraying project in July against the Hemlock Looper. FPL files say that 7 TBM flew this year. Possibly an additional aircraft helped out in the Newfoundland project, although it is not mentioned in the 1968 report.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

He did not fly TBM’s in 1967 but started again in 1968. On May 22, ‘68 he set out with IMM again from Abbotsford to Dunphy and sprayed with it around Dunphy [NB], [and] St. John[‘s?] [and] Stephenville [NF] until the end of July of that year.

TBMs that flew in New Brunswick in 1968 for the aerial spray program. Team positions and pilots were not recorded in the information that I have.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Nylon	501	CF-IMR	?	Wheeler-Northland
	505	CF-IMV	?	Wheeler-Northland
	508	CF-IMO	?	J.D. Irving
Whiskey	601	CF-IMI	?	Skyway
	602	CF-IMK	?	Skyway
	604	CF-IMM	Hawes	Skyway

1969

Table VII from the 1969 FPL report “1969 Spray Operations” lists 26 TBMs used in the 1969 New Brunswick spray season. A photocopied handwritten table from the FPL files supplied by Don Henry lists 8 teams of TBMs and their pilots, including those from Conair Aviation (13), Wheeler-Northland (5), Maritime Air Service (3), Central (1), Richardson Aviation (1), Johnson Flying Service (3). The entire fleet operated out of three airfields in New Brunswick: Chipman, Dunphy and Juniper.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

In the 1969 season he went spraying again in Dunphy with IMO then flew IMX from Dunphy to Deer Lake NFLD on June 27^th and continued to spray there until July 27 at which time he flew IMX to St. Jean Que,

TBMs that flew in New Brunswick and Newfoundland in 1969 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed. #602 is listed twice. Some of the aircraft known to have operated in Newfoundland are denoted by NF and all of those in New Brunswick by NB.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Jughead – Lead	616 NB	CF-KCM	Poole	Conair
2	615 NB	CF-KCG	Peters	Conair
3	614 NB	CF-KCF	Kydd	Conair
Donkey – Lead	602* NB	CF-IMK	Langemann	Conair
2	609 NB	CF-KCL	Archer	Conair
3	601 NB	CF-IMI	Owen	Conair
Whiskey – Lead	619 NB	CF-MXN	Melhaeff	Conair
2	604 NB	CF-IMM	Froese	Conair
3	606 NB	CF-KCH	Almond	Conair
Playboy – Lead	617 NB	CF-KCN	Cooper	Conair
2	602* NB	CF-IMK	Syme	Conair
3	605 NB	CF-IMN	Grunniger	Conair
Woodchuck – Lead	112 (N2C) NB	N7032C	R. Richardson	Richardson
2	61 NB 8	CF-MUE	Truran	Conair
3	111 (N1C) NB	N7031C	A.B. Roberts	Central
Billy Goat – Lead	A11 NB + NF	N7014C	Ray Green	Johnson
2	A15 NB + NF	N3251G	Bob Graves	Johnson
3	D6 NB + NF	N9597C	Bill Deming	Johnson
Ping Pong – Lead	507 NB	CF-IMX	J. Fewell	Wheeler-Northland
2	506 NB	CF-IMW	C. Marcoux	Wheeler-Northland
3	505 NB	CF-IMV	A. Skidmore	Wheeler-Northland
Nylon – Lead	501 NB	CF-IMR	J. Holland	Wheeler-Northland
2	900 NB + NF	CF-XOM	S. Tomecek	Maritime
3	508 NB	CF-IMO	H. Hawes	J.D. Irving
Spare	612 NB	CF-MUD	—	Conair
Spare	911 NB + NF	CF-XON	—	Maritime
Spare	922 NB + NF	CF-XOO	White	Maritime
NEWFOUNDLAND	55 NF	N7075C	—	Reeder
	56 NF	N7076C	—	Reeder
	D8 (possibly) NF	N4168A	—	Reeder
	D6 NF	N9010C	—	Hillcrest
	D7 (possibly) NF	N7028C	—	Hillcrest

The Deer Lake, Newfoundland, Image

A fleet of 19 TBM’s operated from Gander and Deer Lake Airports in Newfoundland to spray for Hemlock Looper. Sometimes all we have to go on for evidence of an aircraft’s presence in a certain location at a certain time is photographic evidence or a list of teams. This photograph, taken by Steve Holmes, shows 12 of 19 Avengers parked at Deer Lake Airport on the west coast of Newfoundland in 1969. This was undoubtedly taken from the airport control tower. I have positive ids for most of these aircraft:

• Rear: The two yellow and black aircraft, one in the last row and one way at the back, are N7031C (Airway #111) and N7032C (Richardson #112), but which one is which cannot be determined.

• Back row (l to r): 2 Reeder Avengers: #56 N7076C and #55 N7075C

• Middle row (l to r): 3 Johnson Avengers: #A15 N3251G, #D6 (large) N9597C and #A11 N7014C (with bat on tail)

• Front row (l to r): Hillcrest #D6 (small) N9010C (rooster on nose), possibly Hillcrest #D7 N7028C and possibly Reeder #D8 N4168A

• Runway: very likely Maritime Air Service #900 FXOM (right) and #911 FXON.

1970

Appendix V from the 1970 FPL report “Forest Spraying Operations – 1970” lists the TBMs used in the 1970 spray season by aircraft project number; it is in fact the same list as used in 1969 with a note at the bottom saying “this prescription is for 1970”. The 1970 hand-written calibration list and two photocopied handwritten tables from the FPL files supplied by Don Henry (which lists 9 teams of TBMs and their pilots) include three additional TBMs (#110, #A14, #56) for a total of 27. JD Irving’s TBM #508 FIMO was also present.

Hazel Clare writes about her husband, Harold Hawes:

In 1970 (May 23^rd) he flew IMX from St. Jean to Dunphy to start the spraying season. There is a short flight noted in his log from Dunphy to Chipman on May 23, then on what looks like May 28^th he lost control while taking off from a muddy strip and bent up the prop on IMX.  That apparently ended the spraying season for him and for that matter he never flew TBM’s again after that.

TBMs that flew in New Brunswick and Newfoundland in 1969 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Zebra – Lead	112 (N2C)	N7032C	Richardson	Richardson
2	110	N68683	Poteet	Hillcrest
3	111 (N1C)	N7031C	Gunns (fatality)	Central
Ping Pong – Lead	505	CF-IMV	Skidmore	Wheeler-Northland
2	507	CF-IMX	Graves	Wheeler-Northland
3	501	CF-IMR	Rowe	Wheeler-Northland
Donkey – Lead	605	CF-IMN	Langemann	Conair
2	604	CF-IMM	Weslowsky	Conair
3	614	CF-KCF	Smith	Conair
Jughead – Lead	615	CF-KCM	Poole	Conair
2	616	CF-KCG	Grosenick	Conair
3	606	CF-KCH	Almond	Conair
Playboy – Lead	612	CF-MUD	Truran	Conair
2	618	CF-MUE	Syme	Conair
3	619	CF-MXN	Zimmer	Conair
Rabbit – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Marcoux	Wheeler-Northland
2	911	CF-XON	Paton	Maritime
3	900	CF-XOM	Lavigne	Maritime
Billy Goat – Lead	A11	N7014C	Green	Johnson
2	A14	N3249G	Page	Johnson
3	D6	N9597C	Demming	Johnson
Whiskey – Lead	601	CF-IMI	Grunigar	Conair
2	602	CF-IMK	Boston	Conair
3	609	CF-KCL	Smeed	Conair
Nylon – Lead	617	CF-KCN	Owen	Conair
2	56	N7076C	Archer	Reeder
3	—	CF-AYL	Retfalvy	Norfolk
Spare	508	N4168A	—	Reeder
Crashed Dunphy airstrip	A15	N3251G	Graves	Johnson
Maine contract	A23	N7028C	?	Hillcrest
Maine contract	A18	N4173A	?	Hillcrest
Maine contract	A9	N9586Z	?	Hillcrest

1971

Sources were two handwritten team and pilot lists provided from the FPL files by Don Henry; one dated 12 June 1971 (one page) and the other (two pages) undated. Some of the teams differed between the two lists, indicating that conditions and personnel were certainly changeable. Another source was a table entitled “N.B. & Quebec Spruce Budworm Projects: United States Registered Grumman TBM-3 Aircraft – 1971”, compiled by Evergreen Air Service Ltd.

A total of 20 Canadian and 25 US TBMs were contracted to fly in NB and Quebec. Air Tankers’ TBM #B14 N9599C was contracted to spray in NB but crashed in Iowa on 20 May 1971 before arriving; a BC TBM also crashed on the outward ferry and returned to BC.

In 1971 mixing plants and aircraft were based at Maniwaki, Lacs-des-Loups, and a bush airstrip built near Lac Nilgaut, in Western Quebec, specifically the extensive Gatineau area north of Ottawa, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec. Forest Protection Limited conducted the operation. Nine TBMs were divided into three teams and assigned to each airport/airstrip, and were to spray 2 million acres. To speed up the operation, a fourth team was added from New Brunswick during the last five days.

TBMs were used exclusively in 1971 (June 11-12) in the Temiscouata region, which is located near the northwest border of New Brunswick. The program was conducted by Forest Protection Limited using TBMs based in Edmundston, NB.

TBMs that flew in New Brunswick in 1971 for the aerial spray program. Source: List 1 dated 12 June 1971. Those that appear on List 2 (an earlier or later list) are marked with an X under the team column. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Raccoon – Lead	A18	N4173A	Holland	Hillcrest
2	A23	N7028C	Fagan	Hillcrest
3	A25	N68683	Poteet	Hillcrest
Ping Pong – Lead X	505	CF-IMV	Skidmore	Evergreen
2 X	507	CF-IMX	Archer	Evergreen
3 X	501	CF-IMR	Beckon	Evergreen
Whisky – Lead	501	CF-IMR	Tomecek	Evergreen
2	71	N7229C	Chase	Hemet Valley
3	112	N7032C	Watson	Richardson
Ringtail – Lead	52	N9434Z	Knudson	Hemet Valley
2	72	N3357G	Norman	Hemet Valley
3	37	N6825C	Payton	Hemet Valley
Playboy – Lead X	612	CF-MUD	Truran	Conair
2 X	609	CF-KCL	Tweed	Conair
3 X	605	CF-IMN	Boulton	Conair
Zebra – Lead 3 X	58 (Firefly – Lead X)	N4168A	Owen	Reeder
2	—	CF-AYL	Sytsma	Norfolk
3	911	CF-XON	Harrington	Hicks & Lawrence
Gourmet – Lead	E28	N68663	Plawski	Sis-Q
2	E27	N1369N	Sward	Sis-Q
3	E26	N9078Z (salvaged)	Carr	Sis-Q
Jughead – Lead X	615	CF-KCG	Froese	Conair
2 X	606	CF-KCH	Robb	Conair
3 X	604	CF-IMM	Grosenick	Conair
Firefly – Lead	56	N7076C	Duncan	Reeder
2	25	N9590Z	Adami	Hillcrest
3	716	CF-ZTA	Retfalvy	Miramichi
Nylon – Lead	618	CF-MUE	Fewell	Conair
2	619	CF-MXN	MacLagan	Conair
3	601	CF-IMI	Kelly	Conair
Donkey – Lead	614	CF-KCF	Smith	Conair
2	602	CF-IMK	Raun	Conair
3	617	CF-KCN	Rowe	Conair
Panther – Lead	57 (Firefly 3 X)	N9429Z	Graves	Reeder
2	11	N4171A	Lawrence	Reeder
Hobnail – Lead	A14	N3249G	M. Owen	Johnson
2	A12	N6824C	Porter	Johnson
3	A13	N9010C	Page	Johnson
Billy Goat – Lead	A11	N7014C	Green	Johnson
2	D7	N7015C	Komberec	Johnson
3	D6	N9597C	Demming	Johnson
Reindeer – Lead	A9	N9586Z	Reid	Hillcrest
2	B15	N7002C	Otis	Air Tankers
3	55	N7075C	Laudert	Reeder
Crashed in Iowa en route to NB	B14	N9599C	B. Bauer (fatality)	Air Tankers

 1972

Sources for TBM teams and pilots are five handwritten and typed lists provided by Don Henry from the FPL files. Most are working copies and have deletions and amendments showing changes in teams, pointers and pilots. I have attempted to combine them into one table that shows the distribution of TBM teams across projects in NB, Quebec and Maine. Some aircraft show up more than once because of their assignments to different teams and projects.

The total number of TBMs in the sprayer fleet was 44, and all were calibrated in New Brunswick at Dunphy Airstrip. Twenty-four TBMs began work from five fields in NB, concentrated in the early days from from Sussex and Blissville and gradually moving to Juniper and Sevogle where most were working during the last week. Dunphy had a small number working throughout the season.

Experimental B.t. trials concerning spruce budworm were conducted in western Quebec by a fleet of 18 TBMs with boom-and-nozzle and associated guidance aircraft. Western Quebec comprises the extensive Gatineau area north of Ottawa, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec. TBMs were also used to spray jack-pine budworm based at Lacs-des-Loups airport, Quebec. Anticosti Island, a large Quebec island situated in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence between the Gaspe Peninsula and Newfoundland, suffered a hemlock looper infestation and was sprayed in 1972 and 1973. Spraying operations were conducted by FPL using 15 TBMs in 1972 and other aircraft in 1973; these were based at Port Menier airport.

Spraying in Maine was conducted by a fleet of three TBMs and 10 PV2s.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick (and Quebec and Maine) in 1972 for the aerial spray program. Quebec: TBMs flew out of Manawaki and Lac des Loups. Quebec locations (√) also included Anticosti Island for a Hemlock Looper project (√ A). Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company	NB	Quebec
Jughead – Lead	615	CF-KCG	Rowe	Conair	√
2	601	CF-IMI	Langemann	Conair	√
3	505	CF-IMV	Skidmore	Evergreen	√
Jughead – Lead	604	CF-IMM	Wood	Conair		√ A
2	601	CF-IMI	Langemann	Conair		√ A
3	617	CF-KCN	Yuill	Conair		√ A
Playboy – Lead (NB)	612	CF-MUD	Truran	Conair	√
2	602	CF-IMK	Robb	Conair	√
3	606	CF-KCH	Paul	Conair	√
Ping Pong – Lead	618	CF-MUE	Fewell	Conair	√
2	604	CF-IMM	Wood	Conair	√
3	617	CF-KCN	Yuill	Conair	√
Ping Pong – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen	√
2	507	CF-IMX	Gilland	Evergreen		√
3	501	CF-IMR	Archer	Evergreen		√
Ping Pong – Lead	618	CF-MUE	Cooper	Conair	√ A
2	606	CF-KCH	Paul	Conair	√ A
3	505	CF-IMV	Skidmore	Evergreen	√ A
Firefly – Lead	A23	CF-ZTS	Grunniger	Miramichi	√
2	A18	CF-ZTR	McBride	Miramichi	√
3	716	CF-ZTA	Retfalvy	Miramichi	√
Donkey – Lead	A23	CF-ZTS	Grunniger	Miramichi		√
2	A25	N68683	Retfalvy	Miramichi		√
3	716	CF-ZTA	McBride	Miramichi		√
Billy Goat – Lead	A11	N7014C	Green	Johnson	√
2	D7	N7015C	Komberec	Johnson	√
3	D6	N9597C	Demming	Johnson	√
Raccoon – Lead	55	N7075C	Laudert	Reeder	√
2	56	N7076C	O’Brien	Reeder (salvaged)	√
3	52	N9434Z	Knudson	Hemet Valley	√
Reindeer – Lead	58	N4168A	K. Owen	Reeder	√
2	22	N7032C	Graves	Richardson	√
3	11	N4171A	Gossett	Reeder	√
Hobnail – Lead	A12	N6824C	M. Owen	Johnson	√
2	A14	N3249G	Denton	Johnson	√
3	A13	N9010C	Porter	Johnson	√
Nylon – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen	√	√ A
2	507	CF-IMX	Gilland	Evergreen	√	√ A
3	501	CF-IMR	Archer	Evergreen	√	√ A
Nylon – Lead	605	CF-IMN	Boulton	Conair		√
2	603	CF-AGL	Smeed (fatality)	Conair		√
3	607	CF-AGN	Buchanan	Conair		√
Gourmet – Lead	25	N68663	Fagan	Sis-Q		√
2	26	N9078Z	Cranford	Sis-Q		√
3	27	N1369N	Payton	Sis-Q		√
Ringtail – Lead	17	CF-XON	Harrington	Hicks & Lawrence		√
2	74	N7833C	Johnson	Hemet Valley		√
3	68	N5168N	Woodmansee	Hemet Valley		√
Whisky – Lead (Quebec)	609	CF-KCL	Smith	Conair		√
2	619	CF-MXN	Grosenick	Conair		√
3	607	CF-AGN	Pearson	Conair		√
Zebra – Lead	001	CF-AYL	Systma	Norfolk		√
2	2	CF-AXS	Losee	Norfolk		√
3	5	CF-AYG	Falkowski	Norfolk		√
Turkey – Lead (Maine – not an FPL contract)	A25	N68683	Reid	Miramichi	—	—
2	57	N9429Z	Adami	Reeder	—	—
3	19	N9586Z	Craig	Hillcrest	—	—
Lost on ferry to Quebec	–	CF-BQS	Woytaz	Hicks & Lawrence		√

Concerning Merrill McBride

Louis Sytsma (2011) Reply to a comment posted to the FAYL page: Boy this brings back some old memories. I was the pilot who flew AYL in 71-72. After that I flew for Irving Oil. I was in the area when Merrill McBride went down. That was a very sad day. I knew Merrill since he looked after AYL maintenance in 71. He was a real fine person.

Posted by Glen McBride [Merrill’s son] to TBMs – Mil & Civ, 21 Nov 2014: I thought you guys might like a glimpse of what it was like flying in New Brunswick so I have taken a few excerpts from my father’s log book. Some days he logged 6 or 7 flights averaging a little over an hour each. As he was also a mechanic he probably flew more ‘sick’ aircraft than many and that might explain some of the entries:
Apr 27, 1972 CF-ZTS – Hamilton – Gross weight take off – Inadvertent overload, marginal take-off
Jun 16, 1972 CF-ZTR – Runway accident – Aircraft damaged in bush off runway (I remember hearing something about a locked tailwheel but I’m not sure about the cause)
Jul 3, 1972 CF-ZTA – Dunphy NB to Chatham NB– Emergency landing, engine cutting
Dec 2, 1972 CF-BEG – Test flight – Simsbury – No gen, flap or U/C indicators. Fuel will not feed from C. main, lost part of canopy in flight, aileron trim broke loose causing severe vibration. Nice trip.
Jul 5, 1972 CF-ZTA – Spray block 31 – Returned losing oil badly
Jul 5, 1972 CF-ZTA – Spray block 31 – Aborted, returned losing oil badly, full load landing
Jul 6, 1972 CF-ZTA – Spray block 18 – Blew tank on block, fuel gauges unserviceable
Jul 6, 1972 CF-ZTA – Aborted – spray system unserviceable, full load landing

Jul 5, 1972 CF-ZTA – Aborted – Engine cutting out on block
Jul 12, 1972 CF-ZTA – Havre St. Pierre [on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, R., Quebec, due north of Anticosti Is. – ed.] to Dunphy – Blew exhaust stack, no tach
May 27, 1973 CF-ZTA – Aborted trip, spray unserviceable (landed with full load)
 Andy Retfalvy flew spare A/C to Blissville, right U/C leg hung up, forced to belly in [This was probably CF-BEG – ed.]
June 6, 1973 – CF-ZTA – Spray block #1 – Came home with rough engine.
 Donkey 3, John Prast, lost engine on T.O., stalled into trees, complete write-off [CF-ZTS]. Cracked vertebrae and ankle.

1973

Sources for the list of pilots and teams include a typewritten list from Conair dated May 1973 showing their planned teams and a handwritten and annotated list from FPL. Adult budworm moths were sprayed in 1973 in the St. Leonard and St. Quentin areas of northern NB by TBMs equipped with boom-and-flat-fan nozzles.

TBMs were used exclusively in 1973 (June 6) in the Temiscouata region, which is located near the northwest border of New Brunswick. The program was conducted by Forest Protection Limited using TBMs based in Edmundston, NB. In 1973, spraying was conducted by three Conair Aviation TBMs and two Canadair CL-215 water bombers owned by the Quebec Department of Transport. The Avenger’s capacity was increased slightly and the boom-and-nozzle assembly was moved above the wings, resulting in a wider spray swath (½ vs. ¼ mile). Further, an experimental B.t. spray was conducted by TBM and CL-215 aircraft equipped with boom-and-nozzle.

There was no spraying by FPL in Quebec as that province undertook its spray program without FPL assistance.

Total number of TBMs was 18, with one spare, the same as in 1972 except for the following (Flieger letter to Air Transport Committee). The most significant change was Conair, which dropped to 7 from 13.

Operator	1972	1973
Conair, Abbotsford, BC	13 (1 lost, not replaced)	7
Norfolk Aerial Sprayers, Simcoe, Ont.	3	3
Evergreen Air Service, Pierrefonds, Que.	4	4
Hicks & Lawrence, Tilsonburg, Ont.	2 (1 lost, not replaced)	1
Miramichi Air Service, Douglastown, NB	3 (1 lost, replaced by import)	3

This was the first year that the number of TBMs available in Canada exceeded the New Brunswick spruce budworm requirement, and thus was the last year that US TBMs flew in NB, until 1981 and 1982.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1973 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed. The spare, TBM #18, replaced #A23 in the Donkey Team after it was destroyed in a crash in June.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Playboy – Lead	606	CF-KCH	Paul + Marsden	Conair
2	601	CF-IMI	Robb	Conair
3	618	CF-MUE	Westwood	Conair
Jughead – Lead	612	CF-MUD	Wood	Conair
2	615	CF-KCG	Richards	Conair
3	602	CF-IMK	Gossett	Conair
Brandy – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen
2	501	CF-IMR	Archer	Evergreen
3	609	CF-KCL	Yuill	Conair
Ping Pong – Lead	505	CF-IMV	Gilland	Evergreen
2	17	CF-XON	Haradon	Hicks & Lawrence
3	507	CF-IMX	Yaworsky	Evergreen
Donkey – Lead	A25	CF-BEF	Tomecek	Miramichi
2	A23	CF-ZTS	Prast	Miramichi
3	716	CF-ZTA	McBride	Miramichi
Zebra – Lead	5	CF-AYG	Falkowski	Norfolk
2	2	CF-AXS	Losee	Norfolk
3	—	CF-AYL	Gallagher	Norfolk
Spare	18	CF-XOM	Martindale	Hicks & Lawrence

1974

Sources for the list of pilots and teams include two handwritten and annotated lists from FPL, referred to below as 1 and 2 after the team name. The first listed 6 teams that were planned for the season. The second list dropped the Jughead and Ping Pong teams after crashes resulted in the loss of 4 Avengers and the redistribution of pilots and aircraft but listed one (#716) that crashed later.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1974 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed. Text in italics indicates teams on second list.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Jughead – Lead	606	CF-KCH	Richards	Conair
2	609	CF-KCL	Brown	Conair
3	612	CF-MUD	Blyth	Conair
Whisky1 – Lead	607	CF-AGN	Losee	Conair
2	618	CF-MUE	Holmes	Conair
3	616	CF-KCM	Duch	Conair
Whisky2 – Lead	607	CF-AGN	Losee	Conair
2	616	CF-KCM	Davis	Conair
3	21	CF-BQT	Godby	Hicks & Lawrence
Tiger1 – Lead	A25	CF-BEF	Tomecek (salvaged)	Miramichi
2	01	CF-BEG	Bisson	Miramichi
3	716	CF-ZTA	McBride	Miramichi
Tiger2 – Lead	716	CF-ZTA	McBride (fatality)	Miramichi
2	01	CF-BEG	Gallagher	Miramichi
3	18	CF-XOM	Mereien	Hicks & Lawrence
Zebra1 – Lead	B15	C-GOBJ	Falkowski	Norfolk
2	B19	C-GOBK	Angus	Norfolk
3	2	CF-AXS	Inman	Norfolk
Zebra2 – Lead	2	CF-AXS	Angus	Norfolk
2	5	CF-AYG	Inman	Norfolk
3	B19	C-GOBK	Falkowski	Norfolk
Brandy1 – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen
2	17	CF-XON	Godby	Hicks & Lawrence
3	18	CF-XOM	Mereien	Hicks & Lawrence
Brandy2 – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen
2	505	CF-IMV	Gilland	Evergreen
3	501	CF-IMR	Marcoux	Evergreen
Ping Pong – Lead	505	CF-IMV	Gilland	Evergreen
1	501	CF-IMR	Martindale + Archer	Evergreen
2	507	CF-IMX	Becon	Evergreen

1975

Sources for this list of pilots and teams are the 1975 FPL Annual Report and a handwritten and annotated list from FPL. FPL “dry leased” its aircraft to Evergreen Air Services, which operated them under contract, as FPL was not yet a licensed aircraft operator. A total of 32 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program. The 1975 annual report was the first of a series of much more detailed reports that described every aspect of FPL and its operations, spearheaded by new General Manager H.J. “Bud” Irving.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1975 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Tiger – Lead	18	CF-XOM	Mereien	Hicks & Lawrence
2	E27	C-GLEF	Popham + Lippott	FPL
3	21	CF-BQT	Craven	Hicks & Lawrence
Billygoat – Lead	A7	C-GLEQ	Green + Gummer	FPL
2	A11	C-GLEP	Gummer + Green	FPL
3	A13	C-GLEL	Glass	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	607	CF-AGN	Losee	Conair
2	615	CF-KCG	Maike	Conair
3	616	CF-KCM	Hyland	Conair
Brandy – Lead	612	CF-MUD	Inman + Truran	Conair
2	609	CF-KCL	Smith + Wood	Conair
3	618	CF-MUE	McMaster	Conair
Raccoon – Lead	605	CF-IMN	Holmes	Conair
2	602	CF-IMK	Beecroft	Conair
3	601	CF-IMI	White	Conair
Ping Pong – Lead	506	CF-IMW	Kelly	Evergreen
2	505	CF-IMV	Gilland	Evergreen
3	501	CF-IMR	Marcoux	Evergreen
Playboy – Lead	A14	C-GLEN	Inman	FPL
2	E33	C-GLEH	Stuart	FPL
3	E25	C-GLEG	Darran + Archer	FPL
Jughead – Lead	A6	C-GLEM	Archer	FPL
2	E24	C-GLEJ	Kirschke	FPL
3	A12	C-GLEK	Foote + Davis	FPL
Donkey – Lead	01	CF-BEG	Bisson	Hicks & Lawrence
2	B19	C-GOBK	Vallée	Norfolk
3	B16	C-GOEG	Ragany	Norfolk
Zebra – Lead	B18	C-GLDX	Angus	Norfolk
2	5	CF-AYG	McIlwaine	Norfolk
Listed in Annual Report – 3?	B2	C-FAXS	Shalala	Norfolk
Crashed before season began, not listed in Annual Report	E26	C-GLEI	Inman	FPL
Crashed, listed in Annual Report	20	C-FZYC	Koerfgren	Hicks & Lawrence
Crashed, listed in Annual Report	A25	C-FBEF	Biro	Miramichi

 

1976

This was FPL’s biggest project ever. For more details, see the discussion in the Introduction.

Sources for this list of pilots and aircraft were the 1976 FPL Annual Report, a preliminary handwritten list, and a typed list dated 19 July 1976, compiled after the completion of the spray season by Don Henry, Operations Coordinator for FPL. The table below is based on the final typed list. FPL again “dry leased” its aircraft from Evergreen Air Services. A total of 38 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1976 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Brandy – Lead	615	C-FKCG	Maike + Stuart	Conair
2	618	C-FMUE	McMaster	Conair
3	609	C-FKCL	Hutcheon	Conair
Zebra – Lead	B20	C-FAYG	Losee	Norfolk
2	B18	C-GLDX	Hartwanger	Norfolk
3	B15	C-GOBJ	Vermeulen	Norfolk
Billygoat – Lead	A13	C-GLEL	Deming	FPL
2	A6	C-GLEM	Oswald	FPL
3	A11	C-GLEP	Greene	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	97	C-GFPO	Creasey	FPL
2	68	C-GFPQ	Peck	FPL
3	74	C-GFPN	Tall	FPL
Kahuna – Lead	A14	C-GLEN	Inman	FPL
2	A7	C-GLEQ	Potter	FPL
3	A12	C-GLEK	Kirschke	FPL
Tango – Lead	612	C-FMUD	Wood	Conair
2	607	C-FAGN	White	Conair
3	616	C-FKCM	Tyerman	Conair
Tiger – Lead	B16	C-GOEG	Ragany	Norfolk
2	B17	C-FAXS	Koerfgen	Norfolk
3	B19	C-GOBK	Vallee	Norfolk
Baseball – Lead	72	C-GFPR	Gossett	FPL
2	52	C-GFPP	Lapham	FPL
3	E30	C-GFPT	Mcknight	FPL
Jughead – Lead	605	C-FIMN	Smith	Conair
2	601	C-FIMI	Beecroft	Conair
3	602	C-FIMK	Atkins	Conair
Panther – Lead	18	C-FXOM	Merein	Hicks & Lawrence
FBQT was also a spare – 2	21	C-FBQT	Craven	Hicks & Lawrence
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
Ping Pong – Lead	E26	C-FIMV	Gilland	FPL
2	E25	C-FIMR	Kelly	FPL
3	E33	C-GLEH	Garon	FPL
Firefly – Lead	E32	C-GFPS	Crocker	FPL
2	E27	C-GLEF	Payton	FPL
3	E21	C-GFPM	Watson	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	E22	C-GFPL	Stuart + Bisson	FPL
2	E24	C-GLEJ	McIllwaine	FPL
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
Spare	01	C-FBEG	Bisson	Miramichi

FPL’s fleet of 24 TBMs on display at the Fredericton Airport, 22 June, 1976. The FPL hangar and offices are in the blue building at top left.

 

1977

Sources for this list of pilots and aircraft were the 1977 FPL Annual Report, a preliminary handwritten list and a typed list. A total of 36 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program. In early August, an agreement was reached with J.D. Irving Limited’s Woodlands Division whereby FPL would supply one TBM for about 20 hours of flying time to spray herbicide in the Juniper – Boston Brook area. Actual flying time was 15.3 hours.

On March 24, Barney W. Flieger died in hospital after a short illness. Mr. Flieger was manager of FPL from its formation in 1952 to his retirement in 1975.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1977 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
DUNPHY
Billygoat – Lead	A13	C-GLEL	Deming	FPL
2	A7	C-GLEQ	Potter (fatality)	FPL
3	A11	C-GLEP	Greene	FPL
Donkey – Lead	A14	C-GLEN	Inman	FPL
2	E21	C-GFPM	Komberec	FPL
3	A12	C-GLEK	Kirschke	FPL
Playboy – Lead	E33	C-GLEH	Maike	FPL
2	E32	C-GFPS	McIlwaine	FPL
3	E22	C-GFPL	Gomany	FPL
Firefly – Lead	E24	C-GLEJ	Archer	FPL
2	A6	C-GLEM	Houghton	FPL
3	E27	C-GLEF	Payton	FPL
BLISSVILLE
Raccoon – Lead	74	C-GFPN	Tall	FPL
2	68	C-GFPQ	Westinghouse	FPL
3	E26	C-FIMV	Richards	FPL
Tango – Lead	618	C-FMUE	Marcoux	Conair
2	E25	C-FIMR	Gummer	FPL
3	E52	C-GFPP	Jorgenson	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	612	C-FMUD	Wood	Conair
2	616	C-FKCM	Tyerman	Conair
3	607	C-FAGN	Nelson	Conair
BOSTON BROOK
Zebra – Lead	B20	C-FAYG	Losee	Norfolk
2	B18	C-GLDX	Hartwanger	Norfolk
3	B15	C-GOBJ	Vermeulen	Norfolk
Tiger – Lead	B16	C-GOEG	Ragany	Norfolk
2	B17	C-FAXS	Wilkie	Norfolk
3	B19	C-GOBK	Vallee	Norfolk
Jughead – Lead	602	C-FIMK	Tomecek	Conair
2	605	C-FIMN	Stad	Conair
3	609	C-FKCL	Atkins	Conair
Brandy – Lead	601	C-FIMI	Beecroft	Conair
2	1	C-FBEG	Kelly	Hicks & Lawrence
3	18	C-FXOM	Mereien	Hicks & Lawrence
CHARLO
Whiskey-Lead	E30	C-GFPT	McKnight	FPL
2	97	C-GFPO	Koerfgen	FPL
3	72	C-GFPR	Jewers	FPL

1978

Sources for this list of pilots and aircraft were the 1978 FPL Annual Report and a typed and annotated list.

A total of 33 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program. FPL also purchased a Harvard Mark IIA (C-FTSV) to train TBM pilots. One TBM was supplied to Dr. Jules Picot of the University of New Brunswick’s Engineering Department for experimental spray trials out of Blissville airstrip (May 7-13 and July 2-13). One TBM was contracted to J.D. Irving Ltd. to spray herbicide at Boston Brook (July 29 – August 12).

In September 1977 preparations for the repainting of aircraft to a fleet standard began. This process started in December and five TBMs were completed before the start of the 1978 spray season. These were:

Registration	Old No.	New No.
GFPM	#21	#21
GFPT	#30	#10
GFPS	#32	#3
GLEF	#27	#8
GFPR	#72	#4

On July 4, the painting program was continued and all remaining TBMs plus the Harvard were completed. The numbers changed as follows:

Registration	Old No.	New No.	Registration	Old No.	New No.
FIMI	#601	#1	GFPQ	#68	#15
FIMK	#602	#2	FKCM	#616	#16
FIMN	#606	#5	GFPN	#74	#17
GLEM	#A6	#6	FMUE	#618	#18
FAGN	#607	#7	GFPO	#97	#19
FKCL	#609	#9	GLEH	#33	#20
GLEP	#A11	#11	GFPL	#22	#22
FMUD	#612	#12	FIMR	#25	#23
GLEL	#A13	#13	GLEJ	#24	#24
GLEK	#A12	#14

GLEN #A14 was not renumbered as it crashed on June 21. FPL was now the proud owner of TBMs numbered 1 to 24.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1978 for the aerial spray program (old numbers). Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BLISSVILLE
Raccoon – Lead	25	C-FIMR	Tall	FPL
2	33	C-GLEH	Vallee	FPL
3	24	C-GLEJ	Jausseran + Wood	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	10	C-GFPT	McKnight	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Gomany	FPL
3	8	C-GLEF	Furry	FPL
Playboy – Lead	1	C-FIMK	Koerfgen	FPL
2	5	C-FIMN	Westinghouse	FPL
3	2	C-FIMI	Hopping	FPL
Jughead – Lead	9	C-FKCL	Atkins	FPL
2	12	C-FMUD	Houghton + Bisson	FPL
3	3	C-GFPS	Wells	FPL
Firefly – Lead	7	C-FAGN	Archer	FPL
2	16	C-FKCM	Jewers	FPL
3	18	C-FMUE	Guindon	FPL
JUNIPER
Brandy – Lead	22	C-GFPL	Harrington	FPL
2	1	C-FBEG	Kelly	Hicks & Lawrence
3	18	C-FXOM	Germaine	Hicks & Lawrence
Tiger – Lead	B16	C-GOEG	Ragany	Norfolk
2	B19	C-GOBK	Zwarts (fatality)	Norfolk
3	B15	C-GOBJ	Harrison	Norfolk
Zebra – Lead	B20	C-FAYG	Woods	Norfolk
2	B17	C-FAXS	Farrell	Norfolk
3	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
SEVOGLE
Donkey – Lead	A14	C-GLEN	Inman	FPL
2	A12	C-GLEK	Kirschke	FPL
3	17	C-GFPN	Payton (Lapham)	FPL
Billygoat – Lead	A13	C-GLEL	Demming	FPL
2	A11	C-GLEP	Greene	FPL
3	A6	C-GLEM	Porter + Garon	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	97	C-GFPO	Laird	FPL
2	21	C-GFPM	Lapham (Payton)	FPL
3	68	C-GFPQ	Wall	FPL

1979

Sources for this list of pilots and aircraft were the 1979 FPL Annual Report and a typed and annotated list (several versions). A total of 30 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program. GLEL #13 was contracted to J.D. Irving for herbiciding in the Juniper – Boston Brook area during the week of August 20.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1979 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BLISSVILLE
Whiskey – Lead	16	CF-KCM	Wells	FPL
2	21 (later used as spare)	C-GFPM	Hyland	FPL
3	19 (later used as spare)	C-GFPO	Abbott	FPL
Playboy – Lead	1	CF-IMI	Koerfgen	FPL
2	12	CF-MUD	Bisson / Wood	FPL
3	20	C-GLEH	Wilson	FPL
Firefly – Lead	7	CF-AGN	Archer	FPL
2	5	CF-IMN	Jewers	FPL
3	2	CF-IMK	Gomany	FPL
BOSTON BROOK
Raccoon – Lead	23	C-FIMR	Tall	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Vallee	FPL
3	3	C-GFPS	Guidon	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	4	C-GFPR	Laird	FPL
2	18	CF-MUE	Willett	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Verreault	FPL
Jughead – Lead	GFPQ moved to Billygoat Team after crash of GLEM
2	10	C-GFPT	Garon	FPL
3	8	C-GLEF	Clayton	FPL
SEVOGLE
Billygoat – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Demming	FPL
2	11	C-GLEP	Greene	FPL
3	6	C-GLEM	McLean	FPL
3	15 (moved from Jughead Team after crash)	C-GFPQ	Wall + McLean	FPL
Tiger – Lead	17	C-GFPN	Inman	FPL
2	B15	C-GOBJ	Harrison	Norfolk
3	B17	C-GOEG	Provenzano	Norfolk
Brandy – Lead	22	C-GFPL	Harrington	FPL
2	1	CF-BEG	Kelly	Hicks & Lawrence
3	18	C-FXOM	Germaine + Martindale	Hicks & Lawrence
Zebra – Lead	B20	C-FAYG	Wood	Norfolk
2	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
3	B17	C-FAXS	Farrell	Norfolk

1980

A list titled “Team List – 1980”, dated 19 May, is the source for this 1980 assignment list of pilots and teams. A total of 28 TBMs were operated in NB during the spray program. The teams worked out of 4 airstrips: Brockway, Chipman, Boston Brook and Sevogle.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1980 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BROCKWAY
Brandy – Lead	2	CF-IMK	Harrington	FPL
2	5	CF-IMN	Jewers	FPL
3	1	CF-IMI	Hyland	FPL
Firefly – Lead	7	CF-AGN	Archer	FPL
2	6	CF-KCM	Farrell	FPL
3	2	CF-MUD	Fenwick	FPL
Jughead – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	19	C-GFPO	Hyslop	FPL
3	20	C-GLEH	Wilson	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	15	C-GFPQ	McKnight	FPL
2	18	CF-MUE	Gamble	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	McLean	FPL
SEVOGLE
Tiger – Lead	B16	C-GOEG	Provenzano	Norfolk
2	B15	C-GOBJ	Dunn	Norfolk
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
Zebra – Lead	B20	C-FAYG	Wood	Norfolk
2	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
CHIPMAN
Donkey – Lead	7	C-GFPN	Inman	FPL
2	14	C-GLEK	Kirschke	FPL
3	24	C-GLEJ	Kelly	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	23	C-FIMR	Tall	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Haden	FPL
3	3	C-GFPS	Foote	FPL
Billy Goat – Lead	11	C-GLEP	Greene	FPL
2	13	C-GLEL	Roth	FPL
3	8	C-GLEF	Hutchings	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	18	C-FXOM	Martindale	Hicks & Lawrence
2	22	C-GFPL	Gossett	FPL
3	1	C-FBEG	Brechin	Hicks & Lawrence

1981

A six-page typed list dated 13 June 1981 is the source for the 1981 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 32 TBMs were used in the 1981 spray program, including 4 from the USA, the first US TBMs used in New Brunswick since 1972. These US TBMs were called in this year because of a shortage of Canadian aircraft. The teams worked out of airstrips Brockway, Juniper, Boston Brook, Charlo and Dunphy.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1981 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
JUNIPER
Zebra – Lead	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
2	B16	C-GOEG	Cliff	Norfolk
3	B15	C-GOBJ	Leblanc	Norfolk
Donkey – Lead	17	C-GFPN	Inman	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Kelly	FPL
3	22	C-GFPL	Annis	FPL
CHARLO
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	19	C-GFPO	Hyslop	FPL
3	20	C-GLEH	Wilson	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	23	C-FIMR	Marcoux	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Haden	FPL
3	3	C-GFPS	Guindon	FPL
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	11	C-GLEP	Provenzano	FPL
3	16	C-FKCM	Farrell	FPL
DUNPHY
Jughead – Lead	33Z	N9433Z	Bumgarner + Cusic	Stewart
2	47C	N6447C	Harbison	Stewart
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
Ping Pong – Lead	18	C-FMUE	Gamble	FPL
2	27C	N6827C	Muszala	Stewart
3	97H	N8397H	Kirschke	Stewart
BOSTON BROOK
Brandy – Lead	2	C-FIMK	Harrington	FPL
2	10	C-GFPT	McLean	FPL
3	5	C-FIMN	Casselman	FPL
Tiger – Lead	18	C-FXOM	Brechin	Hicks & Lawrence
2	1	C-FBEG	McKinnon	Hicks & Lawrence
3	B20	C-FAYG	Harrison	Norfolk
Fire Fly – Lead	1	C-FIMI	Hutchings	FPL
2	8	C-GLEF	Hiebert	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Hyland	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Fenwick	FPL
2	7	C-FAGN	Hopping	FPL
3	15	C-GFPQ	Fair	FPL

1982

A five-page typed list dated 14 June 1982 is the source for the 1982 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 33 TBMs were used in the 1982 spray program, including 5 from the USA, the first US TBMs used in New Brunswick since 1972. These US TBMs were called in this year because of a shortage of Canadian aircraft. The teams worked out of 6 airstrips: Brockway, Juniper, Boston Brook, Charlo, Sevogle and Dunphy.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1979 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
CHARLO
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	19	C-GFPO	Hyslop	FPL
3	20	C-GLEH	Guindon	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	7	C-FAGN	Hopping	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Fair	FPL
3	12	C-FMUD	Fenwick	FPL
DUNPHY
Donkey- Lead	33Z	N9433Z	Cusic	Stewart
2	97H	N8397H	Kirschke	Stewart
27C was 3rd for part of year	27C	N6827C	Potter	Stewart
Jughead – Lead	47C	N6447C	Craig	Stewart
2	67A	N3967A	Watson	Stewart
No third TBM in this team	—	—	—	—
BOSTON BROOK
Brandy – Lead	16	C-FKCM	Harrington	FPL
2	22	C-GFPL	Annis	FPL
3	5	C-FIMN	Kelly	FPL
Firefly – Lead	1	C-FIMI	Hutchings	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Hiebert	FPL
3	2	C-FIMK	Garon	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	10	C-GFPT	Gamble	FPL
2	8	C-GLEF	Harrison	FPL
3	18	C-GFPN	Inman	FPL
3	15	C-GFPQ	McLean (fatality)	FPL
SEVOGLE
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	11	C-GLEP	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Hyland	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	23	C-FIMR	Marcoux	FPL
2	3	C-GFPS	Tall	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Haden	FPL
Tiger – Lead	18	C-FXOM	Brechin	Hicks & Lawrence
2	B15	C-GOBJ	Leblanc	Norfolk
3	1	C-FBEG	McKinnon	Hicks & Lawrence
Zebra – Lead	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
2	B16	C-GOEG	Cliff	Norfolk
3	B20	C-FAYG	Farrell	Norfolk

1983

A six-page typed list dated 6 June 1983 is the source for the 1983 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 27 TBMs were used in the 1983 spray program. The teams worked out of 6 airstrips: Brockway, Boston Brook, Charlo, Chipman, Sevogle and Dunphy. This was the last year that Norfolk flew TBMs for the spray program in New Brunswick.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1983 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BOSTON BROOK
Firefly – Lead	1	C-FIMI	Archer	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Hiebert	FPL
3	2	C-FIMK	McIlwaine	FPL
Ping Pong – Lead	17	C-GFPN	Inman	FPL
2	8	C-GLEF	Harrison	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	Gamble	FPL
DUNPHY
Tiger – Lead	18	C-FXOM	Brechin	Hicks & Lawrence
2	1	C-FBEG	McKinnon	Hicks & Lawrence
3	B15	C-GOBJ	Leblanc	Norfolk
Zebra – Lead	B18	C-GLDX	Gilland	Norfolk
2	B16	C-GOEG	Maike	Norfolk
3	B20 (later replaced by B15)	C-FAYG	Farrell	Norfolk
SEVOGLE
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	3	C-GFPS	Lavigne	FPL
3	19	C-GFPO	Hyslop	FPL
Whiskey – Lead	18	C-FMUE	Fair	FPL
2	7	C-FAGN	Hopping	FPL
3	12	C-FMUD	Fenwick	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	23	C-FIMR	Marcoux	FPL
2	20	C-GLEH	Martindale	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	White	FPL
CHIPMAN
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	11	C-GLEP	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Hyland	FPL
CHARLO
Brandy – Lead	16	C-FKCM	Harrington	FPL
2	22	C-GFPL	Annis	FPL
3	5	C-FIMN	Kelly	FPL

1984

A four-page typed list dated 25 May 1984 is the source for the 1984 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 21 TBMs were used in the 1984 spray program, including two from Hicks and Lawrence of Ontario. This was the last year that FPL contracted TBMs from other companies, and no U.S. TBM’s were needed. The teams worked out of 4 airstrips: Brockway, Boston Brook, Sevogle and Dunphy.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1984 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
DUNPHY
Tiger – Lead	16	C-FKCM	Harrington	FPL
2	18	C-FXOM	Brechin	Hicks & Lawrence
3	1	C-FBEG	McKinnon	Hicks & Lawrence
Brandy – Lead	22	C-GFPL	Annis	FPL
2	11	C-GLEP	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Hyland	FPL
BOSTON BROOK
Whiskey – Lead	18	C-FMUE	Fair	FPL
2	20	C-GLEH	Martindale	FPL
3	24	C-GLEJ	Westinghouse	FPL
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	23	C-FIMR	Furey	FPL
3	8	C-GLEF	Popert	FPL
SEVOGLE
Firefly – Lead	1	C-FIMI	Archer	FPL
2	2	C-FIMK	Koerfgen	FPL
3	5	C-FIMN	Hutchings	FPL
BROCKWAY
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	17	C-GFPN	Soden	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	Wilkie	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	3	C-GFPS	Lavigne	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Haden	FPL
3	12	C-FMUD	Pugh	FPL

1985

A three-page typed list dated 11 June 1985 is the source for the 1985 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 12 FPL TBMs were used in the 1985 spray program. The teams worked out of 3 airstrips: Brockway, Boston Brook and Sevogle. This year Forest Protection Limited moved its office across the street to the Evergreen hangar.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1985 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
SEVOGLE
Firefly – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Archer	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Garon	FPL
3	24	C-GLEJ	Westinghouse	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	3	C-GFPS	Lavigne	FPL
2	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
3	18	C-FMUE	Fair	FPL
Brandy – Lead	22	C-GFPL	Annis	FPL
2	23	C-FIMR	Furey	FPL
3	16	C-FKCM	Popert	FPL
BOSTON BROOK
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	20	C-GLEH	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Hyland	FPL

1986

A three-page typed list dated 30 May 1986 is the source for the 1986 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 9 FPL TBMs were used in the 1986 spray program. The teams worked out of 3 airstrips: Brockway, Boston Brook and Sevogle.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1986 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BOSTON BROOK
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Furey	FPL
3	22	C-GFPL	Wilkie	FPL
SEVOGLE
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	20	C-GLEH	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Popert	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	3	C-GFPS	Lavigne	FPL
2	4	C-GFPR	Garon	FPL
3	12	C-FMUD	Archer	FPL

1987

A three-page typed list dated 28 May 1987 is the source for the 1987 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 9 FPL TBMs were used in the 1988 spray program. The teams worked out of 2 airstrips: Dunphy and Boston Brook.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1987 for the aerial spray program. Red entries indicate aircraft that crashed.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BOSTON BROOK
Raccoon – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Lavigne	FPL
2	20	C-GLEH	Garon (fatality)	FPL
3	18	C-FMUE	Wilkie	FPL
DUNPHY
Zebra – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	14	C-GLEK	Popert	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Archer	FPL
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	22	C-GFPL	Provenzano	FPL
3	3	C-GFPS	McKinnon	FPL

1988

A typed list dated 27 May 1988 is the source for the 1988 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 12 FPL TBMs were used in the 1988 spray program. The teams worked out of 2 airstrips: Sevogle and Boston Brook.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1988 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
BOSTON BROOK
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Haden	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	Ragany	FPL
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	22	C-GFPL	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	McIlwaine	FPL
SEVOGLE
Raccoon – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Lavigne	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Wilkie	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Archer	FPL
Tiger – Lead	3	C-GFPS	McKinnon	FPL
2	23	C-FIMR	Hyland	FPL
3	17	C-GFPN	Koerfgen	FPL

1989

A typed list dated 25 May 1989 is the source for the 1989 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 12 FPL TBMs were used in the 1989 spray program. The teams worked out of 2 airstrips: Sevogle and Boston Brook.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1989 for the aerial spray program.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Raccoon – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Lavigne	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Wilkie	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	Archer	FPL
Tiger – Lead	3	C-GFPS	McKinnon	FPL
2	23	C-FIMR	Hyland	FPL
3	17	C-GFPN	Soden	FPL
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	22	C-GFPL	Provenzano	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	McIlwaine	FPL
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Haden	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Ragany	FPL

1990

A typed list dated 31 May 1990 is the source for the 1990 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 12 FPL TBMs were used in the 1990 spray program. The teams worked out of 2 airstrips: Sevogle and Charlo.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1990 for the aerial spray program.

AIRSTRIP Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
CHARLO
Poker – Lead	21	C-GFPM	Gomany	FPL
2	14	C-GLEK	McIlwaine	FPL
3	10	C-GFPT	Fotheringham	FPL
Tiger – Lead	3	C-GFPS	McKinnon	FPL
2	23	C-FIMR	Hyland	FPL
3	17	C-GFPN	Soden	FPL
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wood	FPL
2	24	C-GLEJ	Haden	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Wilkie	FPL
SEVOGLE
Raccoon – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Lavigne	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Archer	FPL
Spare	22	GFPL	—	FPL

1991

A typed list dated 7 June 1991 is the source for the 1991 list of TBM pilots and teams. A total of 9 FPL TBMs were used in the 1991 spray program, and worked out of several airstrips.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1991 for the aerial spray program.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Mustang – Lead	13	C-GLEL	Wilkie	FPL
2	3	C-GFPS	Haden	FPL
3	4	C-GFPR	Popert	FPL
Tiger – Lead	10	C-GFPT	Soden	FPL
2	14	C-GLEK	McIlwaine	FPL
3	21	C-GFPM	Fotheringham	FPL
Raccoon – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Ragany	FPL
2	18	C-FMUE	Archer	FPL
Spare	17	C-GFPN	—	FPL

Comment from a spotter/pointer

“I worked as a spotter/pointer out of Sevogle in ’90, and ‘91, it was one of the best jobs I’ve ever had. My father was an aviation nut growing up as a kid at several RCAF bases which meant my brother and I were raised reading about aviation and especially WWII aircraft, so I was lucky enough to realize it at the time I worked at Sevogle that I was watching something very unique and special and I’d likely never see anything like it again. One of my lasting memories, there are many, but this one sticks out: I had the night off or maybe we had finished early but in any event I was on the ground when the TBM teams were starting to come in, it was getting to be dusk and the exhaust stacks were making a really nice blue flame when the pilots pulled the throttle back upon flaring; the last team to come in was flying cross-field which was normally around 1000ft AGL, but occasionally they didn’t do this and this team came in cross-field tree top over the [trees], full throttle in a nice tight formation…..it was beautiful. It was a fun time despite the early mornings and late nights in the map room, I’m glad I was lucky enough to see it all in action.” Pete Russell, Golden, BC, October 26, 2011

1992

A typed list is the source for the 1992 list of TBM pilots and teams; the team names were not shown on this list. A total of 7 FPL TBMs were used in the 1992 spray program and worked out of several airstrips.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1992 for the aerial spray program. The teams were apparently not assigned names this year.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Lead	17	C-GFPN	Soden	FPL
2	13	C-GLEL	McIlwaine	FPL
3	14	C-GLEK	Fotheringham	FPL
Lead	4	C-GFPR	Popert	FPL
2	12	C-FMUD	Hutchings	FPL
3	18	C-FMUE	Archer	FPL

1993

A typed list dated 13 May 1993 is the source for the 1993 list of TBM pilots and teams. Three FPL TBMs were used in the 1993 spray program (based at Sevogle airstrip). This was the last year that TBMs were used for aerial insect control in NB.

TBM teams that flew in New Brunswick in 1993 for the aerial spray program.

Team/Position	Project (TBM) No.	Registration	Pilot	Company
Tiger – Lead	12	C-FMUD	Soden	FPL
2	13	C-GLEL	Popert	FPL
3	18	C-FMUE	McIlwaine	FPL
Spare	10	C-GFPT	—	FPL